exa949.txt
        
     ,   ,  
                    ""

                    .. 祢, .. ਫ檨

     ᬠਢ 堭  㤠    殮  ⠫  
娬᪮  ࠡ⪥  쥢 .   ࠢ⥫ 
ਥ ୮ ஫ ᮤঠ     殮  -
⠫    .

     娬᪠ ࠡ⪠,  த ⥭樠,  殮 -
⠫, ⮪筮

      䥢ࠫ 1994 .   ୠ " 孮" ()  
ᠭ  ।-䨫,  ।祭  饭 쥢 
 ⮪᪨ ࠫ, ࣠᪨ , ᥭ⨪  -
ம࣠. 1 -䨫 ⮨  ᮢ㯭 祥,  ᮤঠ-
 ⠫ 樭-,  ࠧ  稭 ⠭⭮ -
த ⥭樠  1100 . , ⠪  ⠫᪨
祩,  ࣠ ⠪ ࠧ  ᫨⥫쭮-⠭⥫쭮
⢨    "।-।".
     -䨫   ࠧࠡ稪 㤠    ⢮ਬ
 (嫮,  ஢த, ⠭), ᭨ ஢ ࣠᪨ -
  ம࣠, 㬥蠥 ⪮   㤠   
।  98%  ⢮७   ,  ,  ,  , ஬,
, 猪, ,   設⢠ 㣨 ⢮ਬ -
  殮  ⠫.  堭  㤠    殮 ⠫ -
娬᪨   ⠫᪨.
     ⢮७ ⨮    ⠭    ⢮ਬ
⮬ ⠫᪮   筮 ᥤ  䨫.  ⢮७-
   Fe2+ 㤠 ⠫᪨   ࠧ ⢮-
ਬ பᨤ  ᨤ .  ஬  ⮣,      室  -
-䨫  ᮤন  ⢮ਬ  ࡮     
   ⮭  ⠫ ࠧ஬  5 .
      㪠   ।⠢   㦤-
 堭 ⮪ᨪ樨   ⥫ ᮤঠ 殮  -
⠫  ⢥ ⠭ "".   ⭮ 殮 -
⠫ 室  室 吝 ஢     -
 樨஢ ᮫,   २ 嫮ਤ.  娬-
᪮ ⥫쭮 ன⢥ 室 ᮥ ⠫ ⠭-
  பᨤ  ᨤ-பᨤ Me n+ (OH)n  MeO (OH)n,
 n=1:2.   ᮥ ⠫ பᨤ  ⢮ਬ -
ᨤ ,  ᮮ⢥⢥ ।᫥  ᫥ .  
⭮   ਢ  ⮪筮 ᮥ ⠫-
   浪 뢠:  , 嫮ਤ, ஬, ,
, 嫮, , , ࡮, ਤ, பᨤ,
ᨤ.(2)    뢠 பᨤ  ᨤ ⠫  
 த,      㤮筮 ᮪,  ஫
  ᮥ  ⨮ Me n+   ந室  १ -
.  (3) ⢥⢥, ⮪᪨ 䥪 殮 ⠫  -
.
______________________________________________________________________
     1 T.M.Lotts.  Water technology.  V.17,  n. 2. Feb, 1994. National
trade publication. USA
     2 T.D.  Luckey,  B. Venugopal, 1977. .  . .. 订, ..
⭥.  堭 ⮪᪮ ⢨ ࣠᪨  ᮥ.
. "樭" 1989, . 32
     3  . . 33
     4 ..  㦭. ᪠ ⮪ᨪ . "樭. 1982. .
338-341
______________________________________________________________________
      ࠧ ᮥ ⠫, ⠭ ⢨-
 ଠ᪨ ⥪஢ (⨤⮢),  ࡨ , 㣨
ᮥ,  騥  ஫  ⢥  ࡥ⮢  (ਬ,
  ਤ),   㤠  易   -
筨 ⢥ ⥬.(4)
         殮 ⠫  ⠢ ⮪ᨪ᪨ -
 ᮥ  ⥫쭮    娬᪨ 饭-
    㦨  ⭮  ஡ 饭 .
 । ਭ  ਧ 䥪⨢ 娬-
 饭  ।.
      饣 ६  ࠪ⨪   ᫥  ஡
쥢   ᨨ  ⮤, ᭮   
㥬  ᨫ ࣠᪨ ᫮,  뢠 ⠫
樠    ⠫ᮤঠ ᮢ.  ⢥⢥,  
 ᫮  ⠫ 㦨  ஡  ⮤,  -
ᬮ७묨 ⢥묨 .    ஢ 
  ⮤ -ᯥ᪮  㣨  ⮭  䨧᪨
⮤, 騬  ஡  ⠫ ᨬ   娬-
 .     "⠫"  㭨ୠ ⮤-
  ࠡ⪠ ᪮᪮ ஢     ਢ 
⢥ 㬥襭 饣 ᮤঠ  3- ⠫᪨ -
⮢ (, , ࣠)  14 ஢.  ⠫
⠬ ᭨ ⢥   .
      ஡ , 饭  ⠭ "-", த
᪮ ஡᪮ 㦡 (), ,   8 -
㦥 ⠫ (,  ,  , , , ஬, -
ॡ,  樭),   室    業
  100    50000  /     㤠 ⠭ "-" 
93-99,9%.   ᮮ⢥⢨ ⮫ 䥪⨢ १  
⢥         ७ ⠭ ⠭
""  ਨ  " ᠫ⠭", ,   1994
.    ᪨ ⠭  5 ஢ ⠫ (-
, , , , ॡ), ⢮  室  
業  0,07 / (ॡ)  23,5 / () 㤠 -
⠭  ।  86+10%  , ,   . ॡ,
饥  쭮 業樨, 㤠  18%.
     ᪠   ந  ⠪   ஢   
""   ⮤,  ।ᬮ७  ,   
஡ ९ ࣠᪨ ᫮.  ⮬ 砥 ᨬ -
樥 樨 (-55%)  㦥 ⮫쪮  .  樥
㤠 , , ॡ   ⠢  । - 22+10%.
⢥騩 ⮪ ᮯ஢ 砭: "४⭠ -
".  ᪨ ਭ樯 ४⭮  쥢   ᮤ-
  殮 ⠫ ਪ᪮ ஭  㪠.
      ࠧ  ਪ᪮ (, -, ⠭᪮) -
楯樨  業  ᪠  ⮪筮 쥢   ᮤঠ 殮
⠫ 砥  ᫥饬:
     - 殮 ⠫   ⮪  २  ଥ ;
     - 䥪⨢ ⥫ ⠭  ࠬ 㤠 -
 ⠫  業  ७ 業権  -
⢥ ⠫  ⨢ ஡  ( ࠧ ᨫ묨
᫮⠬),    業  饣 ⭮ ⠢.
     ⠥ ⠪,  ࠤ樮 ।⢠ 饭 묨
ᬮ,  㣮묨  ࡥ⠬   㣨 䨫ࠬ 뢠  
᫨⥫쭮-⠭⥫쭮  ⢨.  䥪⨢   㣮
䨫஢  1/3    ।-ࠪ⨪   2/3  -
 . ⠭ "" ॢ室 ।-䨫  -
筮,  ந⥫쭮   孨᪨ .
      뢮: ⢥ ⠭  ⮤ 業 -
   ⥫ ᮤঠ 殮 ⠫ 楫ᮮࠧ -
ᬮ  ࠢ ७ ⮤  䨪樨   -
   Me n5+0.
