exa9479.txt
         ""  "⢮"  
                  

                              .. 

      ।  ⨩ "娬᪨ ⨢஢ ",
"娬᪨ ⨢஢ ⢮",  ⨢஢  -
஢   ⮫

     娬᪠ ⨢,  娬᪨ ᨭ⥧, -
, ୮-楯 ⢨

        㡫  娬᪮ ⨢樨  
।ਭ ⪨  筮 ४ ନ  -
 ,   ࠭ ᢮ ,  ࣭⮩   
⮤ (㭨୮) 娬᪮ ࠡ⪥.
     ,  뫠  --᮫ ⢮஬,    
뫮  ભ ᨬ  䥪⮢  ⢮७ -
.   室  ⨢稫  ࠤ樮  ।⠢  
娬᪮ ᨭ⥧ ,    祧 ⨢-
樮 䥪⮢  㢥祭 ࠫ樨 室  ᢥ  5-6
/.
      ⥫쭮 祭 ᫮ ࠧ  ᢮  
⮫,  祭  ᭮ 쥢  ⨫஢ , -
᭨,  ନ "⢮" ⠪ ४⥭. 筮  ⢮஬
 䠧 () ⥬ ६ ⠢,  -
  ,  祬   ᨬ묨  ⠬.  
⥬ ࠪਧ ⢨ 孮⥩ ࠧ  ⤥-
묨 ﬨ ⢮,   ⠢  ᢮⢠  ᥬ -
 ⢮.
     ⠬ ⢮  㠫 娬᪨  -
,     뤥  ⥬    ⢮ 
஢ .  ,   ⢮ 嫮ਤ  ⠬
   嫮ਤ .   ⢮ 뢠  -
७ ⢮,  ⢮⥫. ⢮७ ⢮ 
  ⮢,     ᫮ 室  ॣ-
 ﭨ,  ⫨筮  ॣ⭮ ﭨ ⢮.  ⠫
   ⢮⥫ﬨ.      ⢮  ⢥
⢮७ 㯠 ⢠,    ᫮ ⢥  -
ࠧ,   ⢥ ⢮⥫ - .
      ஫᪮ ࠧ ᭮  ࠧ  
 ᮥ,    ⢮  , . .   -
ॣ⭮ ﭨ: O425-0, HO420, HO425-0, HO5.420, OH5-0, H420O5-420, OH5.0.
     ஫, 筮  ⢮७  ᭮ ,  ⠪ ࠧ
 த: H420BO5-430, BO5-420, S420O52-480, SO52-450, ClO5.0, ClO5.420  㣨.
      ⢮७    ஫  ⭮  ந-
 ஫᪨ ࠧ 裡, . . .
     ⥯ 樨,  ࠪਧ ⭮襭 ᫠  -
஢ ⢠  饬     ⢮७,  ।
஭묨   ஭楯묨 ᢮⢠ ⢮७
⢠  .  ਬ,   ⢮७ HCl   㫠  
㯠  ஫  ஭,   㫠 HCl, 筥 ⮬ -
த -  ஫ 楯 ࠧ 裡 H-Cl 稭  ࠧ -
த 裡 H420O...HCl,   ⥬ ॢ頥  ୮-楯-
 [H420O-H])5+

     ..       Ŀ     ..  Ŀ+   .. Ŀ-
    H O:...HCl:aq->H-O-H   aq+:Cl:  aq
                              ..  
      H               H           
                       
     
        H420O...HCl -> OH435+0 + Cl5-

      ,     樥 HCl ந室 ࠧ -
 OH435+0.    嫮 ⠪ 㯠   ᮢ  
㫠    த 裡 ( ):

                              4   0     4 0Ŀ
                            4   0 H420O     4 0
     50 ..Ŀ-             4   0   ..      4 0
     50 :Cl: aq + 4H420O ->40OH420...:Cl:...H420Oaq
       ..                4   0  ..      4 0
                         4   0H420O     4 0
                               4   0    4 0
     
        Cl5-0 + 4H420O -> [Cl(H420O)440]54-0.


     ࠧ騩    ᢮ ।  ,  .
.    न     த 痢
( 쭥 樨).
      ࠧ,    樨 ⭮ ⢠ KatAn 
⢮७   ᮯ஢ ࠧ  ஢  -
   - ᮢ.  ⨮ Kat5+0  ⢮ 뢠 
㫠   ⨮     ୮-楯୮
⢨,   An5-0 -      த-
 裡:
                        4 0    4 0Ŀ
              H         4 0OH420   4 0+
                 4aq0   4 0      4 0
     Kat5+0 + 4:OH -> H420OKatOH420aq
                        4 0     4 0
                       4 0 OH420 4 0  
                       4 0     4 0
     4            aq
        Kat5+0 + 4H420O -> [Kat(H420O)440]5+0aq
                       5⨮ 
     ⨮   ࣠ ஫  ࠧ-
 பᮠᮢ.
                                     HOH   Ŀ
                                      .        
                                      .        
                        H5+0           .       H
        ..        5  0___ 4  aq0        ..      
       :An:5-0 + 4H5+0 --> O5-0 -->OH...:An:...HO
        ..                            .        
                                      .        
                                      .        
                                     HOH   

     
        An5-0 + 4H420O --> [5.0An(H420O)440]5-0aq.

       ࠧ   ⢮७  -
 (ਬ, NaCl),  ⠪ ᮪⨢ த⮢ -
᪨ ॠ権.
     騥 ୮  ࠧ ᮢ   ᫥-
饬.  ய⥫쭥 ⨮ Kat+ ⥬ ᨫ쭥  ୮--
楯୮ ⢨  㫠   ⥬ 筥 ⨮ -
,  ,  ,    ய⥫,  祬 ⨮
Kat+.
     筮   ⢥ত,   祬 ம⥫쭥 
An-,  ⥬ ⨢  㯠  த   㫠   
ࠧ ⥬  ⮩稢  , ஫ 稭 -
鸞 ண, , ⥫쭮 ᫠, 祬   An-.
     襭 ⮩稢 ᮢ  ᭨ ⭮ 鸞
業ࠫ쭮 ,  ⥬ ⭥,  祬  ࠧ ⢮. ⨬
ﬨ    ᭨ த  ॠ樮 ᯮᮡ 
⠫᪮ ⨢   ⮫    ᮪ -
ࠫ樥.
     뢠 襨, ।⠢ 樮 ᯮ짮
᫥ ନ.

     ନ:
     1 娬᪨ ⨢஢  (-)
     2 娬᪨ ⨢஢  ⢮ (-⢮)
     3 娬᪨ ⨢஢  (⮫)
     4 , ⮫

     祭:
     1 ,  ࣭  㭨୮  娬᪮  ࠡ⪥,
 ࠫ  5 /  ண  ।  娬᪨
⠢,  ਬ, ஢    ७ ᮫.
     2  ⢮ ஫⮢,  ࣭ 㭨୮ -
娬᪮  ࠡ⪥  ᮤঠ ⢮७    5 /
 । 娬᪨ ⠢,  ਬ,  ⢮ 嫮ਤ 
ન "4"  ⨫஢ .
     3  ,     , ᮮ⢥⢥, ᫥  (⮤-
) 娬᪮ ࠡ⪨.
     4   ᫥ 㭨୮  娬᪮  ࠡ⪨,
ᮮ⢥⢥,   ⮤, 易⥫쭮 ⨢஢.
     ਬ砭: ନ "⨢஢ ("⨢஢") ᯮ
 祭 ମ᪨,  ⮬ ᫥ 娬᪨ ࠢ᭮
ﭨ   (⢮)   ⮫쪮  ਮ ५樨 -
.
